2022届高中英语：短文改错应试技巧及实例剖析
短文改错题型旨在考查学生辨别、诊断、修正文本中错误的能力。该题型全面评估考生的词汇知识、句法结构运用以及文章逻辑思维能力，是衡量学生英语综合水平的重要指标。然而，许多学生在面对这一题型时感到无从下手，症结往往在于无法准确识别错误或缺乏有效的错误定位方法。因此，掌握正确的错误查找和识别技巧，便成为攻克这一题型的关键所在。
短文改错答题策略与核查要点：
检查句子结构是否完整，尤其要确保每个句子包含必要的谓语动词; 2. 谓语动词的时态运用是否恰当，语态转换是否准确;
3. 非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）的用法是否规范;
4. 名词的数形变化（单复数、所有格）是否正确;
5. 冠词（定冠词和不定冠词）的选用是否恰当;
6. 代词的性、数、格形式是否与语境相符;
7. 定语从句中关系词（关系代词、关系副词）的运用是否准确;
8. 并列句中的并列连词（and/or/but等）以及复合句中的从属连词（when/if/whether等）是否使用得当。
短文改错答题四大原则：修改以最小化改动为前提；虚词的调整以增删为最佳方式；实词的修正以词形变换为主；所有改动必须保持原文语义不变。
短文改错答题流程：首遍通读全文把握主旨；次行逐句分析推敲细节；最终通篇复查确认无误。
答题注意事项与能力提升方向：
1. 审核错误选项时，若遇到难以立即修正的题目，可参考”1:1:8″的常见错误分布比例：多词1处，少词1处，错词8处。
2. 核对已改选项时注意避免语法项目重复考查，因为短文改错通常涵盖多种语法知识，一般不会重复测试同一考点。
3. 检查答题标记是否规范，位置是否准确，特别留意有无遗漏符号、字母大小写及拼写错误等问题。
短文改错常见错误类型：
谓语动词常见错误一般现在时与一般过去时混淆使用;and连接的动词时态不一致;主谓数不一致;动词缺失，尤其是be动词;第三人称单数形式错误;主动语态与被动语态误用They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies.(did改为do，错误类型属于①)As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (visiting 改为visited, 错误类型属于②)There will an important game next month. (will后加be,错误类型属于④)One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out. ( was 改为were，错误类型属于③)名词的常见错误：单复数名词使用不当；可数名词与不可数名词混淆I’ll get good marks in all my subject.(subject改为subjects)Their word were a great encouragement to me.(word改为words)Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.(knowledges改为knowledge)连词错误连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/ or/but等关于连词，主要考查从句关系who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. (错用了who的所有格形式，改为whose)I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此处应该是并列的关系而非转折，but改为and)Clever as she is, but she works very hard.(as意为”尽管”，不能再跟but连用，所以去掉but)冠词错误：误用a和an(根据单词的发音确定)；误用a/an和the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指；多冠词或少冠词)We maybe one family and live under a same roof. (a 改为the，the same 是固定搭配)As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of pants. (mountain是可数名词需用冠词，所以其前加a)I hope you have pleasant journey.(journey是可数名词，故have后加a)5. 形容词和副词错误：
系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官系动词smell/feel);词性误用(形容词修饰名词；副词修饰动词、形容词)I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (time是名词所以要用形容词wonderful修饰)My pronunciation was terribly.(was后用形容词，terribly改为terrible.)6. 代词错误：
代词的主格和宾格(I / me; he/him; she/ her; we/ us they/ them )使用错误;反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用不当;代词的单数和复数使用错误;代词指代不明确;代词数量异常Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. (me 改为myself)One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.(to前加it)If anyone of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out. (other后加s)What’s more, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. (him改为them)7. 非谓语动词的常见错误：
不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时，and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其距离较远时);介词后用动名词形式作宾语;某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper. (enjoy 后需接动名词，talk改为talking)But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.(go作主语,应改为going)Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves. (介词后用动名词形式作宾语，read改为reading)I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees. (and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致，故saw改为seeing)8. 介词错误：
词组中的介词误用;介词含义理解偏差;介词的多用或少用There are too many people among my family. (among改为in，in my family 为固定搭配)I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (去掉at, the moment 引导从句)更多高考英语备考资料获取