类别→功能→实例说明
1. 并列连词：用于连接具有并列关系的词汇或短语
He knows neither English nor French, as these are unrelated languages.
Are you going by bus or on foot, both of which are common travel methods?
Mary was a good girl, but she had one shortcoming, a contrast that highlights her character.
2. 从属连词：用于引导状语从句，表达时间、条件、原因等关系
I’ll do it as you told me, following your instructions precisely.
You will be late unless you hurry, indicating the urgency of the situation.
连接代词和连接副词在从句中充当特定成分，如主语、宾语或状语
主语从句：What he said proved true, demonstrating the factual nature of his statement.
When we’ll start has not been decided yet, showing uncertainty about the timing.
表语从句：This is why he didn’t come yesterday, explaining his absence.
That is where he lives, identifying his residence.
宾语从句：The man asked me which I liked best, seeking my preference.
I can’t understand why she is so late, expressing confusion about her tardiness.
关系代词和关系副词用于引导定语从句，修饰先行词
定语从句：Nicotine is a drug that gets one into the habit of smoking, describing its addictive nature.
He came last night when I was out, specifying the time of his visit.
1) and 与 or 的用法区别
判断改错：
(错) They sat down and talk about something, which is grammatically incorrect as and should connect parallel verbs.
(错) They started to dance and sang, violating the rule that and should link similar verb forms.
(错) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there, showing improper use of and with continuous verbs.
(对) They sat down and talked about something, correctly using and to connect parallel past tense verbs.
(对) They started to dance and sing, appropriately using and to link two verb phrases.
(对) I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there, correctly using and with continuous verbs.
解析：
第一句：and 连接两个并列的谓语动词，因此 talk 应改为 talked。
第二句：and 连接两个并列的不定式动词，第二个不定式常省略 to，因此 sang 应改为 sing。
第三句：and 连接感官动词 saw 后面的用作宾语补足语的两个并列分词结构，因此 whisper 应改为 whispering。
注意：and 还可以与祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件，or 也有此用法。
Make up your mind, and you’ll get the chance, which means if you make up your mind, you’ll get the chance.
One more effort, and you’ll succeed, implying if you make one more effort, you’ll succeed.
2) both …and 两者的联合
She plays both the piano and the guitar, showcasing her musical talents.
3) not only…but (also), as well as 不仅…而且
She plays not only the piano but (also) the guitar, highlighting her dual musical skills.
注意：not only… but also 在连接两个分句时，若一个分句有否定词 not，则需倒装。
Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some, demonstrating his dual interests.
4) neither…nor 既不…也不…
Neither you nor he is to blame, indicating shared innocence.
谓语动词采用就近原则，与 nor 后的词保持一致。
1) 并列结构中，or 通常用于否定句，and 用于肯定句。
2) 但有时 and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点：
There is no air or water in the moon, emphasizing the absence of essential elements.
There is no air and no water on the moon, similarly highlighting the lack of vital substances.
在否定中并列结构用 or 连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用 and。
—I don’t like chicken ___ fish.
—I don’t like chicken, ___ I like fish very much.
A. and；and B. and；but C. or；but D. or；and
答案C。否定句中表并列用 or, but 表转折。
(错) We will die without air and water, which is incorrect as and should not connect two negative elements.
(错) We can’t live without air or water, violating the rule for negative statements.
(对) We will die without air or water, correctly using or in a negative context.
(对) We can’t live without air and water, appropriately using and in a negative statement.
1) or 意思为”否则”，表示选择或后果
I must work hard, or I’ll fail in the exam, indicating a consequence if the action is not taken.
2) either…or 意思为”或者……或者……”，表示二选一
注意谓语动词采用就近原则。
Either you or I am right, showing that one of the two must be correct.
1) but表示转折，while表示对比
Some people love cats, while others hate them, highlighting the contrasting preferences.
典型例题
— Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
— I’d like to, ___ I’m too busy.
A. and B. so C. as D. but
答案D。but与前面形成转折，符合语意。而表并列的and，结果的so，原因的as都不符合句意。
2) not…but… 意思为”不是……而是……”
not 和but 后面的用词要遵循一致原则。
They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being, clarifying the identity of the remains.
5 .表原因关系
1) for
判断改错：
(错) For he is ill, he is absent today, which is grammatically incorrect as for should not introduce a complete sentence.
(对) He is absent today, for he is ill, correctly using for to indicate the reason.
for是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。
2) so, therefore
He hurt his leg, so he couldn’t play in the game, showing a direct cause-and-effect relationship.
注意：
a. 两个并列连词不能连用，但therefore, then, yet.可以和并列连词连用。
You can watch TV, and or you can go to bed, demonstrating the use of different conjunctions.
He hurt his leg, and so / and therefore he couldn’t play in the game, correctly using and with so or therefore.
b. although… yet…，但although不与 but连用。
(错) Although he was weak, but he tried his best to do the work..
(对) Although he was weak, yet he tried his best to do the work, properly using yet with although.
such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much， little连用，形成固定搭配。
so + adj. such + a(n) + n.
so + adj. + a(n) + n. such + n. (pl.)
so + adj. + n. (pl.) such +n. (pl.)
so + adj. + n. [不可数] such +n. [不可数]
so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many/ few flowers such nice flowers
so much/little money. such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people
so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。
so…that与such…that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。
Ｅg :The MP3 cost me ______ money that I couldn’t afford to buy it .
A .so much .B .such much C .so many
D . such many .(Key :A )
注意:too …. to .. ,so ….. that …. , such …. that …. , enough ….. to …., 的互换．
so that to = in order to /that 的用法．
Eg A .He is too young to go to school.
B .He is ____ a young boy _____ he ____ go to school .
C .He is ____ young ____ he ____ go to school .
D .He isn’t _____ _____ _____ go to school .
(Keys :B :such , that , can’t C :so ,that ,can’t D : old ,enough to )