联合连词
1. and(以及,而且):用于连接并列成分,表达顺承或并行的关系,其连接的成分在语法结构上应具有同等地位。
– 连接名词:She enjoys reading books and listening to music in her free time.(她空闲时会读书和听音乐。)
– 连接形容词:The room is both spacious and well-lit.(这个房间既宽敞又明亮。)
– 连接分句:They finished their dinner and then went for a walk.(他们吃完晚饭后去散步了。)
2. but(然而,可是):用于表示转折或对比,突出两者之间的差异。
– He is talented but lacks confidence.(他很才华横溢,但缺乏自信。)
3. or(或者,否则):用于提供选择或提出警告,在否定句中常与not连用表示否定选择。
– Choose between tea or coffee.(你在茶和咖啡之间选择。)
– I cannot attend the meeting or I will miss important information.(要么我参加会议,要么我会错过重要信息。)
4. nor(也不):通常与not搭配使用,构成“neither…nor…”结构,表示否定。
– She doesn’t like chocolate, nor does she enjoy sweet desserts.(她不喜欢巧克力,也不喜欢甜点。)
5. for(因为):用于补充说明理由,语气较为委婉。
– The ground is wet, for it has been raining all day.(地面是湿的,因为一直下着雨。)
6. so(所以,因此):用于表示因果关系,说明结果。
– It started to snow, so we stayed inside.(开始下雪了,所以我们待在室内。)
7. yet(尽管如此,但是):用于强调转折,与but类似,但yet更突出对比效果。
– He tried hard, yet he failed.(他努力了,但仍然失败了。)
从属连词
1. 引导时间状语从句
– when(当……的时候):表示主从句动作同时发生或先后发生。
– When the bell rang, the students rushed into the classroom.(铃声响起时,学生们冲进了教室。)
– while(在……期间):强调主从句动作同时进行,从句常使用进行时态。
– While she was cooking, he was cleaning the kitchen.(她做饭时,他在打扫厨房。)
– as(随着;一边……一边……):强调两个动作同时进行。
– As the sun set, the sky turned orange.(随着太阳落下,天空变成了橙色。)
– before(在……之前):
– Please arrive before the meeting starts.(请在会议开始前到达。)
– after(在……之后):
– After finishing his work, he went to bed.(完成工作后,他上床睡觉了。)
– since(自从;因为):表示时间起点或原因。
– She has been learning English since she was a child.(她从儿童时期就开始学英语了。)
– until/till(直到):
– He will wait until the bus arrives.(他会一直等到公交车到来。)
2. 引导条件状语从句
– if(如果):表示假设条件。
– If you study hard, you will pass the exam.(如果你努力学习,你会通过考试。)
– unless(除非):相当于if not,表示否定条件。
– You won’t succeed unless you try.(除非你尝试,否则不会成功。)
– as long as(只要):表示充分条件。
– As long as you follow the instructions, you won’t have any problems.(只要你遵循指示,就不会有任何问题。)
3. 引导原因状语从句
– because(因为):用于解释原因,语气最强。
– She didn’t attend the party because she was sick.(她没去参加派对因为她生病了。)
– since(既然):表示已知或显而易见的原因。
– Since you are tired, you should rest.(既然你累了,就应该休息。)
– as(由于):语气较弱,说明一般因果关系。
– As the weather is bad, we cannot go out.(由于天气不好,我们不能出去。)