1. 关于“such…as”结构,需要明确的是,其中的as充当关系代词的角色,负责引导定语从句,并在从句中扮演特定的句子成分。
例如,“He’s not such a fool as he looks.”这句话的意思是,他并不像表面上看起来那么笨拙。
再比如,“I never heard such stories as he tells.”表达的是,我从未听过他讲述过的这类故事。
同样,“He is not half such a fool as they thought.”这句话表明,他远比他们想象的要聪明。
在“Such women as knew Tom thought he was charming.”中,那些认识汤姆的女人都认为他很风趣。
还有,“Britain is not enjoying such prosperity as it was in the mid-1980s.”意味着,英国现在所享受的繁荣程度已经无法与20世纪80年代中期相比。
2. 在“such……that”结构中,that作为连词使用,负责引导结果状语从句,并且在这个从句中并不承担任何句子成分的功能。
He made such arrangements that everyone was happy.
他安排了这样的事情,结果每个人都感到满意。
He is such a good teacher that all his pupils like him.
他是一位非常优秀的教师,所有的学生都喜欢他。
Mr. Smith is such a good teacher that we all respect him.
史密斯先生是一位如此出色的教师,以至于我们都尊敬他。
3. 对于“such…that”与“such…as”之间的区别,可以这样理解:它们都翻译为“如此…以至于…”。其中,“such … that …”引导的是结果状语从句(从句中不缺少成分;that在从句中不充当成分),而“such … as …”引导的是定语从句(从句中缺少成分;as在从句中必须充当成分)。He is such a good teacher that all his pupils like him.(从句中不缺少成分)He is such a good teacher as all his pupils like.(从句中缺少宾语)他是位极好的老师,所有的学生都喜欢他。
4. 实战训练
Mr Smith is _________ a good teacher _________ we all respect.
A. such, that B. such, as C. so, that D. so, as
【分析】此题容易误选A,一方面是因为 such … that … 是同学们非常熟悉的一个句式,一看到就可能选择它;另一方面,如果将 such … that … 的含义“如此…以至于…”代入句子中,也完全通顺,即“史密斯先生是一位如此优秀的教师,以至于我们大家都尊敬他”。从表面上看,以上分析很有道理,但实际上是错误的。因为在 such … that … (如此…以至于…) 结构中,that 引导的是结果状语从句,并且 that 在从句中不充当任何句子成分,如果在上句中填入 such … that …,句末的 respect 显然缺少宾语(注意:respect 是及物动词)。正确的答案应该是B,as用作关系代词,用来引导定语从句,修饰其前的名词 teacher,同时 as 在定语从句中用作动词 respect 的宾语,句意为“史密斯先生是我们大家都尊敬的一位好老师”。有的同学可能会问,是否可以选择A答案,而将后面的 that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢?(事实上 that 经常用于引导定语从句!) 不能。因为当先行词受到 such 的修饰时,其后的定语从句应该用关系代词 as 来引导,而不用 that。
顺便提一下,如果在原句的 respect 后面加上 him 一词,那么应该选择A,即He is such a good teacher that we all respect him (他是如此好的一位老师,我们大家都尊敬他)。
5. 提高拓展,通过一组句子的转换来提升能力:
He made such arrangements that everyone was happy.
他做出了这样的安排,结果大家都很高兴。
He made arrangements such that everyone was happy.
他做了安排,结果大家都很高兴。
The arrangements he made were such that everyone was happy.
他所作的安排使每个人都很高兴。
从上面的句子转换可以看出 such that 作为一个整体用于表示两种句子结构,一是在句中作表语,一是在句中作状语。
such that 置于 be 后之后用作表语。be such that …… 表示程度是如此之深 ……以至于……, “of such a degree or quality specified (by the that clause)“;
such that 在句中作结果状语,相当于 in such an extent that 或 in such a way that。